Before departing from the originating terminal, what must each train be equipped with?

A train must be equipped with a working radio in the occupied controlling locomotive before departing from the originating terminal to ensure effective communication between the train crew and other railway personnel. This communication is crucial for the safe operation of the train, as it allows for timely updates on track conditions, instructions from dispatch, and emergency communications if necessary. A functioning radio system enhances coordination and helps prevent accidents by ensuring that the train crew remains informed of any changes in plans or operational conditions.

The presence of a working radio is particularly vital in maintaining safety and operational efficiency in a railway environment. While manuals of operations, spare radio units, and checklists of safety protocols are important components of a train's operational readiness, they do not substitute for the necessity of direct communication capabilities provided by a working radio in the controlling locomotive.